NYCC Neuro I Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which neurotransmitter released by C fibers activates NMDA receptors during central sensitization?
• NG, NC and NZ all extend internal arcuate fibers that cross at the GSD to form Contra ML. Which nuclei contribute?
• C fibers carry
• To which cortical regions do VA & VL project?
• Postganglionic autonomic neuron cell bodies are located where?
• After entering the spinal cord, A-delta and C fibers generally ascend how many segments to reach the dorsolateral fasciculus of Lissauer?
• Which thalamic nucleus receives input from the inferior brachium and the inferior colliculus?
• What is the typical ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division?
• The hypothalamus is part of which brain system?
• If norepinephrine binds to alpha1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle, what is the effect?
• CN III ganglion innervation includes which structure?
• Which statement best describes the enteric division of the autonomic nervous system?
• Korsakoff's memory feature: a characteristic memory feature is...
• Where do preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord?
• The motor homunculus refers to which cortical gyrus?
• The splanchnic nerves in turn synapse with which structure?
• Reticular Nucleus reciprocal connections with
• The anterior nucleus functions in which domains?
• Preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the body wall and limbs synapse with the sympathetic chain ganglia at which levels?
• CN X preganglionic nucleus is which?
• Which organ is NOT a target of CN X parasympathetic fibers?
• Which tract carries unconscious proprioception from the lower limbs and crosses twice before entering the cerebellum?
• Endocrine control by the hypothalamus is described as the formation and release of factors that promote production and secretion of hormones by which cells?
• Which response is associated with the anterior zone of temperature regulation?
• Which structure comprises the primary auditory cortex?
• Which of the following is not described as a projection target or relay in the solitary nucleus autonomic pathways?
• The lateral spinothalamic tract ascends to which structure in the brain?
• Which thalamic nucleus is most closely associated with motor pathways?
• The glucose-sensitive satiety centre primarily regulates which behavior?
• Which nucleus relays sensory information from the rest of the body (excluding face)?
• The intermediolateral gray column contains which neurons?
• Which two plexuses form the enteric nervous system?
• Lateral Dorsal Nucleus has reciprocal connections with which system?
• The CN III preganglionic nucleus is called which?
• A lesion of the hunger and thirst centre would most likely result in which condition?
• Which cranial nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to constrict the pupil?
• Which function is the periaqueductal gray primarily associated with in pain processing?
• Which option is a beta-adrenergic receptor subtype?
• The interthalamic adhesion is formed by which thalamic region?
• ML fibers terminate in the thalamus before projecting to which cortex?
• Which fibers provide excitatory input to the nucleus proprius?
• Which statement correctly describes the central sulcus?
• If a patient has contralateral homonymous hemianopia, which nucleus could be implicated?
• Gray rami communicantes carry which type of fibers?
• Preganglionic sympathetic fibers form which structure and enter which ganglia?
• Which of the following is the final cortical/limbic target mentioned in the autonomic projection from solitary nucleus via hypothalamus?
• Which structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
• The superior salivatory nucleus is the preganglionic source for parasympathetic output to which cranial nerve?
• Parasympathetic postganglionic terminals release acetylcholine mediated by which receptor family?
• What is the external medullary lamina?
• Medial nuclei functions are best described as relating to which domains?
• Which of the following statements correctly describes Broca's area?
• Transverse Temporal Gyri of Heschel are the primary auditory cortex.
• Fibers from these nuclei travel in the ______ to ______.
• Lesion of Broca's area results in what type of aphasia?
• The thalamus's lateral surface is covered by what?
• What is stereognosis?
• Which glands are innervated by postganglionic fibers from the submandibular ganglion?
• The anterior pituitary, through gonadotropin production, regulates which aspects of reproduction?
• The Enteric Nervous System responds to which signal?
• Electrical stimulation of VA/VL tends to produce which effect?
• Which statement is true about the epithalamus?
• Which tract conveys proprioception from the lower limbs to the cerebellum?
• Two-point discrimination is defined as the distance at which two stimuli are perceived as separate.
• Postganglionic fibers from C, T, and L ganglia reach their targets by which route and innervate which structures?
• The Habenula is located in which diencephalic subdivision?
• Which nerve conveys information from the thoracic and abdominal viscera?
• The primary somatosensory cortex is located in which gyrus?
• Preganglionic autonomic terminals release acetylcholine that acts on which receptor type on the postganglionic neuron?
• Which Brodmann areas constitute the primary somatosensory cortex?
• The hypothalamus forms the inferior part of the lateral wall and the floor of which ventricle?
• Which fiber tract is described as carrying fibers from raphe nuclei and locus coeruleus to inhibit output?
• Which statement about the ciliary ganglion is true?
• The glucose-sensitive satiety centre primarily regulates which of the following?
• CN IX ganglion is named what?
• Which structures are part of the limbic system and involved in feeding, reproduction, emotion, and memory?
• The tract that connects the septal area to the Habenula is the
• Discriminatory touch enables which higher-order somatosensory ability?
• Which of the following is a thalamic nuclear group?
• The two cerebral hemispheres are functionally identical.
• A lesion of the hunger and thirst centre would most likely result in which condition?
• Medial nuclei receive information from which structure?
• Central hyperalgesia refers to which of the following?
• Somatic motor fibers innervate which tissue?
• Which glands are innervated by the submandibular ganglion?
• Projections from the solitary nucleus to the reticular formation influence which physiological processes?
• Intralaminar Nucleus is also known as centromedian nucleus
• The sensory homunculus is a representation on which structure?
• Lateral Posterior Nucleus functions?
• The epithalamus includes which gland?
• Lesion of the posterior parietal association area can produce which deficits?
• Lateral Posterior Nucleus functions: Integrations of sensory information
• Which fibers go through the ganglia without synapsing and form the splanchnic nerves?
• What is the function of the Ventral Anterior and Ventral Lateral nuclei?
• The structure that contains the subthalamic nucleus is the
• Which statement describes the relationship between Aδ and C fibers?
• Korsakoff's psychosis is most closely associated with damage to which structures?
• Which tract ascends to the medulla on the ipsilateral side and terminates in the cerebellum?
• Thalamus is described as which?
• Spatial neglect syndrome entails ignoring which field?
• Which transmitter is used at the preganglionic synapses of both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
• Lesion of the Supraoptic Nucleus causes which condition?
• Which fibers send excitatory signals to the NP while inhibiting the substantia gelatinosa?
• Pulvinar receives inputs from retina and superior colliculus
• Pulvinar functions
• VSCT peripheral axon receptors detect what?
• Neuropathic pain is pain resulting from direct insult to the nerve.
• Which nerve conveys visceral chemosensory information about taste?
• Which zone responds to a decrease in temperature?
• Slow dull pain is transmitted to the spinal cord through
• Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic autonomic neurons located?
• Parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampal formation, and amygdala are all part of which system?
• Which zone of temperature regulation responds to an increase in temperature?
• Which brain structure is highlighted as a major regulator of autonomic activity within this pathway?
• Which gland releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into the circulation?
• Area 4 corresponds to which cortical gyrus?
• The prefrontal cortex is described as being involved in which functions?
• Which nucleus is primarily involved in the visual pathway?
• Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located in which region of the spinal cord?
• Which nucleus modulates cortical activity during gating information to the cortex?
• Which plexus lies between the external longitudinal and circular muscle layers?
• The occipital lobe contains the primary and association visual cortices (areas 17, 18, and 19). Which lobe houses these regions?
• Which tissue is not typically innervated by the autonomic nervous system?
• Which fibers form the white rami communicantes?
• Which statement about the thalamus and consciousness is true?
• Autonomic fibers and their targets lack which feature, enabling neurotransmitters to diffuse before reaching the target?
• Postganglionic fibers from cervical ganglia reach head and thoracic targets by which route?
• Neuropathic pain is
• Which thalamic nucleus is the primary relay for somatosensory information to the cortex?
• Conscious dorsal spinocerebellar tract fibers synapse in which nucleus in the medulla?
• Central hyperalgesia occurs due to persistent activation of NMDA receptors by glutamate released from which fibers?
• The solitary nucleus participates in autonomic regulation via reflexes; which of the following best summarizes its role?
• The master circadian clock in the brain is located in which nucleus?
• Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary as products of hypothalamic neurons?
• Which statement describes hypothalamic regulation of the pituitary?
• Which hypothalamic function is associated with circadian rhythms?
• Preganglionic autonomic terminals release acetylcholine that activates which receptors on the postganglionic neuron?
• Area anterior to the precentral gyrus is associated with motor preparation and programming; name this area.
• Wernicke's area is located in which region?
• The Ventral Posterior Nuclear Complex includes which two principal subnuclei involved in somatosensory relay?
• What is the typical ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic fibers in the sympathetic division?
• The Habenula participates in which function?
• The otic ganglion is associated with which cranial nerve?
• A-delta and C fibers synapse with neurons in which dorsal horn nucleus?
• Fast sharp pain is transmitted to the spinal cord by
• Profound and specific analgesia is described as which sensory pattern?
• Lesions of which structure are classically associated with hemiballismus?
• Pineal destruction is associated with which pubertal outcome?
• The thalamus forms part of the wall of which ventricle?
• ML organization in the medulla: cervical to sacral fibers are arranged how?
• CN III ganglion postganglionic parasympathetic fibers innervate which muscles?
• Mechanoreceptors will turn off pain.
• Stimulation of the periaqueductal gray results in what?
• Lateral Posterior Nucleus reciprocal connections with which cortex?
• Lesion of occipitotemporal gyri results in what?
• Which dorsal horn lamina contains the substantia gelatinosa?
• What does the Enteric Nervous System control?
• A lesion of the subthalamic nucleus commonly produces which movement disorder?
• Which statement about the thalamus is true?
• Another name for Nucleus Dorsalis
• Damage to the Medial Geniculate Body would most directly affect which sense?
• Into which zones is the hypothalamus divided?
• Match the zone with its primary temperature regulation function.
• Relative excitation of the two pathways can modulate pain.
• The solitary nucleus is involved in autonomic regulation via which mechanism?
• The pineal gland secretes which substance?
• The transition zone between the midbrain and the thalamus is the
• Which tract carries deep sensibility and proprioception from the upper extremities?
• The preganglionic parasympathetic nucleus for the facial nerve (CN VII) is which nucleus?
• Cervical ganglia postganglionic fibers supply cranial regions by which route?
• Alterations of persistent NMDA receptor activation may result in which of the following?
• Which fibers carry fast, sharp pain?
• Unconscious dorsal spinocerebellar tract fibers enter the cerebellum via which peduncle?
• Which structure is most closely associated with memory formation?
• Neurosecretion of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone is carried via the hypothalamohypophysial tract from which nuclei?
• The central sulcus separates which lobes?
• Norepinephrine signaling is mediated by which receptor types?
• Hemiballismus is described as
• Which nucleus is directly involved in circadian rhythms and 24-hour body temperature fluctuations?
• Which nucleus projects to parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes?
• The described projection from the hypothalamus to higher brain regions includes which final set of structures?
• FC will ascend without crossing to synapse with which nucleus?
• The occipital lobe contains the primary and association visual cortices. Which areas make up these regions?
• Preganglionic parasympathetic cells are found in which cranial nerves?
• The preganglionic nucleus for CN IX is which?
• Lateral Geniculate Body is part of which pathway?
• The periaqueductal gray receives projections related to autonomic regulation and is primarily involved in which broad function?
• The occipital lobe is primarily involved in which function?
• What is the internal medullary lamina?
• Lesion of the superior cervical ganglion produces which syndrome?
• Pineal growth is associated with which pubertal outcome?
• The autonomic nervous system is largely what?
• Which sense is NOT relayed to consciousness through the Ventral Posterior nucleus?
• Proprioception refers to which aspect of sensation?
• VSCT peripheral axons will enter the dorsal horn and synapse with which nucleus?
• Pulvinar receives fibers from?
• After ascending two segments, where do A-delta and C fibers synapse?
• Which parameter is associated with hypothalamic function in maintaining physiological homeostasis such as blood pressure and osmolarity?
• The central axon of which tract is associated with the dorsal root ganglion?
• Input to Ventral Anterior and Ventral Lateral thalamic nuclei comes from which structures?
• Which of the following is a function of the thalamus?
• Each cerebral hemisphere primarily controls and receives information from which side of the body?
• Postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the body wall and limbs form which and enter spinal nerves?
• Axons of the nucleus proprius cross the midline and form which tract?
• The medial lemniscus system transmits which modalities?
• Broca's area is found in the posterior portion of which gyrus?
• Dorsal root ganglion contains the cell bodies of which neurons?
• The Medial Geniculate Body sends output to which structure via which pathway?
• The statement "direct control of autonomic function by reflexes" best matches which description?
• The posterior commissure connects which midline pair?
• Which neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic sympathetic terminals?
• The dorsal columns consist of which fasciculi?
• Internally, the thalamus is divided by which structure?
• Which cranial nerve carries parasympathetic preganglionic fibers to both the pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia?
• The tract that enters the midbrain via SCP and crosses twice is which?
• As fibers to both FG and FC enter the spinal cord, they send collaterals to various levels of the ____ and ____ bilaterally for reflexes.
• Lesions of the medial thalamic nuclei produce behavioral changes most closely resembling which procedure?
• A lesion of the Medial Geniculate Body causes hearing loss more pronounced on which side?
• In the described pain modulation, which statement best describes the effect of Aδ and C nociceptors on nucleus proprius and substantia gelatinosa?
• Lesion of the anterior nucleus is most associated with which condition?
• Which of the following best characterizes Wernicke's receptive aphasia?
• Stimulation of the periaqueductal gray can excite which nuclei?
• Descending inhibitory pathways seem to ultimately interfere with which neurotransmitter secretion?
• NP gives rise to which tract?
• Which nerve conveys information from the head and neck viscera?
• The myenteric plexus is found between which layers?
• Which of the following is NOT a thalamic nuclear group listed in standard classifications?
• Medial nuclei project to which cortical region?
• What do FC peripheral axon receptors detect?
• Lateral Geniculate Body lesion results in what deficit?
• Which structure is described as a functional component of the basal ganglia circuitry?
• Area 4 of the cerebral cortex is best described as the primary motor cortex responsible for which function?
• Korsakoff's syndrome is most closely associated with damage to the mammillary bodies and connected thalamic regions. Which option lists these structures?
• Which statement is NOT consistent with the hypothalamic functions listed?
• CN X ganglion is described as which type?
• ML fibers terminate in the thalamus and project to which cortex?
• The posterior commissure connects this pair of structures?
• These divisions mediate what kind of reflexes?
• Lesion of VA/VL has what effect on parkinsonian symptoms?
• Gate control theory of pain explains pain modulation based on which observation?
• Agnosia refers to inability to recognize objects despite intact senses.
• The Enteric Nervous System is composed of which two plexuses?
• The posterior commissure is primarily associated with which type of reflexes?
• Which phrase best describes the sympathetic division?
• Which nerve conveys visceral chemosensory information about taste?
• The hypothalamus controls autonomic responses and is part of which system?
• Which tissue is NOT innervated by the autonomic nervous system?
• The subthalamus is a functional constituent of which neural system?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between the two cerebral hemispheres?
• Which nucleus is part of the auditory pathway?
• The projection from the solitary nucleus to the reticular formation is associated with which function?
• Pulvinar projects to?
• The anterior nucleus receives input from which system?
• The Habenula has a role in which category of reflexes?
• A lesion of the glucose-sensitive satiety centre would most likely cause which condition?
• Which phrase best describes the parasympathetic division?
• Which substances are released by the adrenal medulla into the circulation?
• What is a homunculus?
• The raphe nuclei are associated with which neurotransmitter?
• Which statement correctly describes the parasympathetic division?
• Which mechanoreceptors send collaterals to the substantia gelatinosa, which in turn inhibits NP?
• Which structure is included in the hypothalamus?
• The right cerebral hemisphere primarily controls which side of the body?
• The described connections imply direct involvement of emotion circuits through which combination?
• Which organ is listed as receiving sympathetic postganglionic innervation from the abdominal viscera?
• The crossing to form the contralateral medial lemniscus occurs in which medullary decussation?
• What term describes fabricating memories to fill memory gaps in Korsakoff's syndrome?
• Occipitotemporal gyri are best described as which type of cortical region?
• Which tract ascends to the medulla without crossing?
• CN VII preganglionic fibers reach the pterygopalatine ganglion via which nerve?
• Pre- and postganglionic terminals release neuropeptides that function directly onto the target tissue or have a modulatory role.
• Nociceptors will turn on pain.
• Which of the following is NOT typically associated with posterior parietal association area lesions?
• Which statement about the suprachiasmatic nucleus is true?
• Wernicke's area is typically located in the dominant hemisphere.
• Lateral Dorsal Nucleus functions in what?
• The enteric nervous system is best described as which of the following?
• The regulation of gametogenesis, cyclic variation, maturation and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics is achieved through which mechanism?
• DSCT central axons
• Personal neglect syndrome entails ignoring which part of the body?
• Which nucleus receives information from the superior brachium and the superior colliculus?
• Which fibers form the gray rami communicantes?
• The anterior nucleus primarily projects to which cortical region?
• The medial nuclear group is most closely associated with which functional domain?
• Nociceptors are
• Which statement correctly describes the sympathetic division?
• The hypothalamus is involved in pain processing primarily for which function?
• Which statement best describes the pineal gland’s described function in the material?
• Enteric motor neurons innervate which tissues?
• The pterygopalatine ganglion supplies parasympathetic innervation to which gland?
• Which of the following is NOT a modality of deep sensibility?
• Lesion of Wernicke's area causes which type of aphasia?
• The posterior parietal association area receives inputs for 3D perception from which modalities?
• Which structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres, as commonly described in neuroanatomy?
• CN IX innervation to the gland is which glands?
• Which tract travels to the cerebellum via the inferior peduncle and is associated with unconscious proprioception from the lower limbs?
• Where does the dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway crossover occur?
• Lateral Geniculate Body projects to which cortex via which pathway?
• A lesion of the occipital lobe typically results in which type of visual deficit?
• Which response is associated with the posterior zone of temperature regulation?
• Which structure is described as a direct projection target by the solitary nucleus to regulate autonomic function?
• Which mechanoreceptors are primarily involved in gate control via the substantia gelatinosa?
• In the midbrain, how are ascending fibers from cervical to sacral levels arranged?
• The pathway from the solitary nucleus to higher brain regions includes projections to which of the following structures?
• Which region in the dorsal horn contains inhibitory interneurons that gate pain?
• Which tract carries proprioception from the lower extremities?
• Tuber Cinereum is a part of which brain region?
• Kinesthesia is the sense of what?
• Some fibers from the splanchnic nerves bypass the prevertebral ganglia and innervate which of the following structures?
• Which statement correctly describes the autonomic nervous system fiber composition?
• Fasciculus Gracilis fibers ascend to synapse with which nucleus without crossing?
• VSCT enters the midbrain via which peduncle, therefore crossing twice?
• Occipitotemporal gyri are the visual association areas concerned with the perception of color and shape.
• Which nerve conveys information from the thoracic and abdominal viscera?
• Where does the thalamus lie?
• Discriminatory touch from the upper extremities is carried by which fasciculus?
• The lateral spinothalamic tract sends collaterals to which structure as it courses toward the thalamus?
• General Autonomic Effects: Which statement is accurate?
• Which nucleus serves as a limbic input recipient from mammillary bodies?
• Where do the splanchnic nerves synapse?
• The autonomic nervous system comprises which two divisions?
• Fasciculus Cuneatus carries sensory information from which region?
• FG peripheral axon receptors detect which sensations from the lower extremities?
• Which plexus lies between the circular muscle layer and the mucosa?
• Which nucleus is part of the visual pathway?
• Aδ fibers carry
• Which statement best defines primary hyperalgesia?
• What form of synaptic plasticity is commonly associated with NMDA receptor activation in pain pathways, contributing to hyperalgesia?
• The substantia gelatinosa is located in which lamina of the dorsal horn?
• After spinothalamic fibers synapse in the thalamus, to which area do they ascend?
• ML fibers terminate in which structure?
• Which fibers are responsible for slow dull pain?
• Which nucleus receives all sensory input from the face and head?
• Which nucleus has reciprocal connections with the limbic system?
• Intralaminar Nucleus functions
• Which tract carries unconscious proprioception from the upper limbs to the cerebellum?
• Which fibers comprise the central pain pathway axons?
• The Meissner's plexus is found between which layers?
• Which dorsal horn structure is rich in interneurons and involved in modulation of nociceptive signals and is closely associated with the substantia gelatinosa?
• Fasciculus Gracilis carries sensory information from which region?
• Spinocerebellar tracts carry proprioception from which region?
• Some fibers for unconscious proprioception will enter the cerebellum as the ______ tract.
• DSCT will enter the ____ and synapse with _____
• Which nerve provides preganglionic fibers to the submandibular ganglion?
• The dorsal column pathway transmits which modalities?
• Nociceptive afferents from A-delta and C fibers synapse onto neurons in which dorsal horn nucleus?
• Pain is which of the following?
• DSCT peripheral axonal receptors detect
• Posterior parietal association area is composed of which lobules?
• Reticular Nucleus functions
• The ventrolateral nuclear group includes which components?
• Lesions of the occipital lobe typically impair which sense?
• From the hypothalamus, autonomic information reaches limbic and cortical areas via which arrangement?
• Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems innervate which tissues?
• Asterognosis is defined as which?
• Which structure is innervated by postganglionic sympathetic fibers that supply the abdominal and pelvic viscera?
• Fibers travel in the fasciculus proprius as
• The autonomic pathway described includes targets in which of the following brain regions?
• Midline Nuclei forms interthalamic adhesion
• Which of the following is a feature of Horner's syndrome?